A co-author paper has been published in Nucleic Acids Reserach. In this paper, we created a ribozyme that recognizes tRNA and catalyzes aminoacylation reactions by artificial evolution of the naturally occurring T-box riboswitch. This ribozyme catalyzes aminoacylation reactions using N-terminal free amino acids as substrates, and the reaction product, aminoacyl-tRNA, can be used for protein translation elongation reactions. This research was conducted in collaboration with Dr. Tsutomu Suzuki's group at the Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo. Terasaka was in charge of research planning.